Panama borders Colombia, Costa Rica, the
Caribbean and the Pacific Ocean. The two oceans are linked by the
man-made Panama Canal, cut into a gap between the Cordillera de
Talamanca and the San Blas mountain range and stretching for over 65km
(40 miles).
With US backing, Panama seceded from Colombia in 1903 and
promptly signed a treaty with the US allowing for the construction of a
canal and US sovereignty over a strip of land on either side of the
structure (the Panama Canal Zone). The Panama Canal was built by the US
Army Corps of Engineers between 1904 and 1914. On 7 September 1977, an
agreement was signed for the complete transfer of the Canal from the US
to Panama by 1999. Certain portions of the Zone and increasing
responsibility over the Canal were turned over in the intervening years.
With US help, dictator Manuel NORIEGA was deposed in 1989. The entire
Panama Canal, the area supporting the Canal, and remaining US military
bases were turned over to Panama on 31 December 1999.
The Panama
Canal to the west of Panama City naturally attracts many visitors.
An average transit takes eight hours to complete.
Panama City, the capital, is a
city with a multicultural mixture. There are elements of old Spain,
modern America commercialism and atmosphere of the bazaar's
of the East. In the old part of
the city with its narrow, cobblestoned streets, most of the interesting
sights are to be found. These include the Plaza de Francia and the
President's Palace, the most impressive building in the city. Panama City in particular has a wide range
of nightlife from nightclubs and casinos to folk ballet, belly dancing
and classical theatre.
Colón is the
second-biggest city. Visitors should see the cathedral and the statues
on the promenade known as the Paseo Centenario. Local dishes include
ceviche (fish marinated in lime juice, onions and peppers) and palacones
de plátano (fried plantain).